[The first pages are written in a neat, flowing script, undoubtedly by a professional.]
In order to lose its redundant moisture, let the peat moss, of which compost is to be formed, be thrown out of the pit for some weeks, or even months. Thusly, it is rendered the lighter to carry, and less compact and weighty when made up with fresh dung for fermentation. Also, the amount of dung required for the purpose is less than if the preparation is made with peat taken freshly from the pit.
The peat moss is to be taken to a dry spot convenient for constructing a dunghill to serve the field to be manured. Form two rows of the cart-loads peat moss and place the dung betwixt them. Consequently, the dung lies nearly on an area of the future compost dunghill, and the rows of peat should be close enough to each other, that workmen, in making up the compost, will be able to throw them together by the spade. In making up, let the workmen begin at one end, and, on reaching the lip of the dung row—which should not extend quite so far at that end as do the rows of peat on each of its sides—let them lay a bottom of peat, six inches deep and fifteen inches wide, supposing the grounds allow for it, then throw forward, and lay on, roughly ten inches of dung above the bottom of peat; then, from the side rows, add about six inches of peat, then four or five of dung, and then six more peat; then yet another thin layer of dung, and finally cover it over with peat at the end where it was begun, at both of the two sides, and above. The compost should be raised no more than four feet and a half high, since otherwise it is apt to press too heavily on the underlying parts.
Having made a beginning like this, the workmen will proceed working their way backwards, adding to the columns of compost, furnished with the three rows of materials directed to be laid down for them. It is essential that they not tread on the compost, or render it too compact; and proportionally to the wetness of the peat, it should be made up in lumps, and not much broken.
In mild weather, seven cart-loads of common farm-dung, reasonably fresh made, is sufficient for twenty-one cart-loads of peat-moss; but in cold weather, a larger proportion of dung is desirable. To every twenty-eight carts of the compost, when made up, it is of use to throw on, above it, a cartload of ashes, either made from coal, peat, or wood; half the quantity of slacked lime, the more finely powdered the better.
According to the weather and the condition of the dung, the compost sooner or later, after it is made up, gets into general heat. During summer, often no more than ten days, and during winter, depending on the cold, up to several weeks. In summer, a stick should be kept in the compost in different parts, to pull out and feel now and then; for should it approach blood-heat, it should either be watered or turned over; and, should that become necessary, advantage may be taken to mix in a little fresh moss. The heat subsides after a time, and, according to the weather, the dung, and the perfection of the compost, with great variety. The compost should then be allowed to stand untouched, till within three weeks of using, when it should be turned upside down, outside in, and all lumps broken. Again, the compost enters a heat, but soon cools, and it should be taken out for use. In this state the whole, save bits of old decayed wood, ought to appear a black free mass, and spread like garden mould. Use it weight for weight, as you would farmyard dung, and you will find that, in a course of cropping, the compost will stand to comparison.
Peat, no more than a little less dry than garden-mould in seed time, may be mixed with the dung, so as to double the volume. Workmen must begin with using layers, but, when accustomed to the just proportions, assuming they are furnished with moderately dry peat, as well as dung not lost in litter, they throw it up together as a mixed mass, making a less proportion of dung serve for the preparation.
The rich coarse earth, which is frequently found on the surface of peat, while making an excellent top-dressing, if previously mixed and turned over with lime, is too heavy to be admitted into this compost.